Class Notes: Cryptology - I and II (seminar)

Spring 1997 - TR - time and room TBA

Instructor: M.S. Schmalz

Housekeeping Details

• Export Controls on Cryptologic Technology (Required Reading)
• Crypto-I Syllabus - Rev. 4 (12 Sep 96)
  
  • Required Class Materials - Textbooks, Notes, etc.
  • Optional Class Materials - Textbooks, Periodicals, etc.
  • Assignments and Deadlines - Exercises, Homeworks, Projects, Exams
    
  • Grade Information & Statistics

• Crypto-II Class Announcement - Rev. 1 (06 Jan 96)
• What's New - (as-of: Mon 06 Jan 97)
  • Crypto-II Announcements - Meetings, Exercises, Projects
    
    14 Jan 97: First Meeting
    

• Netscape Setup Information - Fonts, Colors, etc.
• List of Symbols for Netscape

Note: The graphic buttons at the top of this page are not yet operational, but will be shortly. Similarly, the assignment, deadline, and grade information has yet to be completed. Thank you for your patience.

Background Material

• Summary of Symbols and Notation (Required Reading)
• Appendix A: Review of Statistics
  A-1. Statistical Parameters
  A-2. Computing Probability Distributions
  A-3. Manipulating Distributions
  

• Appendix B: Review of Information Theory
  B-1. Entropy
  B-2. Redundancy
  B-3. Channels and Encoders
  

• Appendix C: Overview of Cryptosystems and Cryptanalysis
  C-1. Cryptographic Transforms
  C-2. Cryptosystems
  C-3. Concepts of Security
  C-4. Cryptanalytic Oracles
  

• Appendix D: Review of Field Theory
  D-1. Basic Concepts of Fields
  D-2. Rings, Subrings, Integral Domains, and Ideals
  D-3. Polynomial Rings
  

1. Historical Ciphers of Pedagogic Interest

• 1.1. Antiquity to the Quattrocento
  1.1.1. Substitutions
  1.1.2. Transpositions
  1.1.3. Caesar Cipher
  
• 1.2. Renaissance through the Nineteenth Century
  1.2.1. Anagrammatic Ciphers
  1.2.2. Francis Bacon's Binary and Semantic Ciphers
  1.2.3. Vigenere Cipher
  1.2.4. Cryptanalysis of the Vigenere Cipher
  
• 1.3. Steganography
  1.3.1. Homophonic Ciphers
  1.3.2. Concealing Plaintext in Images
  

2. Early Twentieth-Century Ciphers

• 2.1. Ciphers in Use in WWI
  2.1.1. One-Time Pad
  2.1.2. Vernam Cipher
  2.1.3. Cryptanalysis of Vernam Cipher.
  
• 2.2. Stream and Linear-Algebraic Ciphers
  2.2.1. Stream Cipher
  2.2.2. Hill Cipher
  2.2.3. Affine Cipher
  2.2.4. Cryptanalysis of Linear-Algebraic Ciphers
  
• 2.3. Vigenere-Based Systems
  2.3.1. Rotor Machines
  2.3.2. ENIGMA Machine
  2.3.3. Cryptanalysis of Rotor Machines
  

3. Practical Twentieth-Century Ciphers

• 3.1. Block Encryption Systems
  3.1.1. Product Ciphers
  3.1.2. LUCIFER and IDEA Ciphers
  3.1.3. Data Encryption Standard (DES)
  3.1.4. Cryptanalysis of DES
  
• 3.2. Public-Key Cryptography (PKC)
  3.2.1. Problems, Solutions, and Pitfalls 3.2.2. Linear Homomorphisms
  3.2.3. RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adelman)
  3.2.4. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)
  3.2.5. Cryptanalysis of RSA/PGP
  
• 3.3. Applications of Public-key Cryptosystems
  3.3.1. Overview of Implementational Issues
  3.3.2. MICs, Digital Signatures, and Message Digests
  3.3.3. Computation of Message Digests, with Applications

4. Advanced Twentieth-Century Ciphers

• 4.1. Key Generation using Conic Sections
  4.1.1. Parabolic and Hyperbolic Functions
  4.1.2. Elliptic-Curve Cryptosystems
  

• 4.2. Overview of Quantum Cryptography (QC)
  4.2.1. Brief Review of Quantum Mechanical Concepts
  4.2.2. Quantum Cryptosystems for Secure Key Transmission
  4.2.3. Optical Implementation of QC
  

5. Recent Advances in Cryptology and Computer Security

• Optical Computation of DES and RSA Ciphers

• Challenges in Authentication

• Vulnerability of Data Transmission Lines
  • Tapping Metal Coaxial and Telephone Cables
  • Tapping Fiber-Optic Cables

Bibliography

• References Cited in Class