Spatial Data Handling

The following are the subtopics associated with Spatial Data Handling. For specific references regarding each subtopic click on the link to see the index.

Two-dimensional Spatial Data Types and Operations
Two-dimensional Topological Relationships
Directional Relationships
Distance Relationships
Three-dimensional Spatial Data Types and Operations
Three-dimensional Topological Relationships

Two-dimensional Spatial Data Types and Operations

[AS91] W.G. Aref, H. Samet : Extending a DBMS with Spatial Operations : Advances in Spatial Databases, 2nd Symposium on Spatial Data Handling 1990: 299-318

[Bu79] W. Burton : Logical and Physical Data Types in Geographic Information Systems : Geo-Processing (1): 167-181(1979)

[CAR80] R.J. Cox, B.K. Aldred : A Relational Data Base System and a Proposal for a Geographical Data Type : Geo-Processing(1): 217-229, 1980

[CG82] R.W. Claire, S.C. Guptill : Spatial Operators for Selected Data Structures : Proc of AutoCarto 5 : 189-200(1982)

[CZ94] E.P.F Chan, R. Zhu : QL/G - A Query Language for Geometric Databases : Technical Report CS-94-25, Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Canada, 1994

[ELNR87a] H. D. Enrich, F. Lohmann, K. Neumann, I. Ramm : A classification of Software Components Commonly Used in Geographic Information Systems : Introductory Readings in Geographic Information Systems : 30-51, 1987

[ELNR87b] H. D. Enrich, F. Lohmann, K. Neumann, I. Ramm : A database language for Scientific Data : . Geologisches Jahrbuch, Sonderband : 1987

[ES97a] Martin Erwig and Markus Schneider : Partition and Conquer COSIT ,389-407 ,1997

[ES97b] Martin Erwig and Markus Schneider : Formalization of Advanced Map Operations : SDH Conference Proceedings ,389-407 ,2000

[Fr75] J. Freeman : The modeling of Spatial Relations : Computer Graphics and Image Processing(4) 156-171(1975)

[Fr87] A. Frank : Overlay Processing in Spatial Information Systems : Proc. of the 8th Int. Symp. on Computer-Assisted Cartography, Autocarto(8): 16-31(1987)

[GNT91] M. Gargano ,Enrico Nardelli, Maurizio Talamo : Abstract data types for the logical modeling of complex data : IS 16 (6): 565-583 (1991)

[GS95] R.H. G�ting, M. Schneider : Realm-Based Spatial Data Types: The ROSE Algebra. . VLDB Journal 4(2) 243-286 (1995)

[Gu88a] R.H. Guting : Geo-Relational Algebra: A Model and Query Language for Geometric Database Systems : EDBT 1988 506-527

[Gu91] R.H. Guting : Extending a Spatial Database System by Graphs and object class Hierarchies : Proc. of the Int. Workshop on Database Management Systems for Geographical Applications 1991 103-124

[HS93] Z. Huang, P. Svenson, H.Hauska : Solving Spatial Analysis Problems with GeoSAL, A Spatial Query Language . SSDBM 1992 1-17

[HSH92] Z. Huang, P. Svenson, H.Hauska : Solving Spatial Analysis Problems with GeoSAL, a Spatial Database Language . 3rd Int. Symp. On Advances in Spatial Databases 1993: 413-436

[Hu93] Z. Huang : Design of GeoSal, a database Language for Spatial Data Analysis . PhD Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Environmental and Natural Resources Information Systems, Stockholm, Sweden 1993

[IP87] K.J. Ingram, W.W. Phillips : Geographic Information Processing Using a SQL-Based Query Language . IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 14 326-335(1987)

[KA90] W. Kainz : Spatial Relationships-Topology Versus Order . SSDH 1989: 814-819

[KVW89] G. H. Kirby, M. Visvaligam, P. Wade Recognition and Representation of Hierarchy of Polygons with Holes . The Computer Journal 32 (6) 554-562 (1989)

[ME94] David M. Mark and Max J. Egenhofer Modeling Spatial Relations Between Lines and Regions: Combining Formal Mathematical Models and Human Subjects Testing . Cartography and Geographical Information Systems ,21 (3):195-212 ,1994.

[MF89] D.M. Mark, A.U. Frank : Concepts of Space and Spatial Languages : Int. Symposium on computer-Assisted Cartography 1989 377-401

[MN89] K. Mehlhorn S. N�her LEDA: A Library of Efficient Data Types and Algorithms . MFCS 1989 88-106

[MO86] F. Manola, J.A. Orenstein Toward a General Spatial Data Model for an Object-Oriented DBMS . VLDB 1986 . 328-335

[OM88] J.A. Orenstein, Frank Manola PROBE Spatial Data Modeling and Query Processing in an Image Database Application : TSE 14 (5) 611-629 (1988)

[OR90] J. A. Orenstein : An Object-Oriented Approach to Spatial Data Processing : SDH 1990: 669-678

[OGS01] J.H. Herring OpenGIS Abstract Specification Version 4: 2001.

[RFS88] N. Roussopoulos , C. Faloutsos ,T. K. Sellis An Efficient Pictorial Database System for PSQL . TSE 14 (5) ,639-650 ,1988

[SB01] Thomas Behr, Markus Schneider Topological Relationships of Complex Points and Complex Regions . Lecture Notes in Computer Science ,56-69 ,2001.

[SC95] M. Schneider Modeling Spatial Objects with Undetermined Boundaries using the Realm/ROSE approach : Natural Objects with Indeterminate Boundaries, GISDATA (3): 1995 .

[SCH95] M. Schneider Spatial Data Types for Database Systems: PhD Dissertation, Hagen. 1995.

[SV89] Michel Scholl, Agn�s Voisard Thematic Map Modeling . Int. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Large Spatial Databases (SSD), 167-190 , 1989.

[SV94] M. Scholl , A. Voisard Object-Oriented Database Systems for Geographic Applications . Proc. Int. Workshop on Database Management Systems for Geographical Application 1994 : 239-273.

[WB93] M. F. Worboys, P. Bofakos A Canonical Model for a Class of Arial Spatial Objects . SSD 1993 , 36-52.

Two-dimensional Topological Relationships

Ben96 B. Bennett. Modal Logics for Qualitative Spatial Reasoning. Journal of the Interest Group in Pure and Applied Logic (IGPL), 4(1), 1996.

BS01 T. Behr and M. Schneider. Topological Relationships of Complex Points and Complex Regions. Int. Conf. on Conceptual Modeling, pp. 56-69, 2001.

BS02 T. Bittner and J.G. Stell. Approximate Qualitative Spatial Reasoning. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 2:435-466, 2002.

CCR93 Z. Cui, A.G. Cohn and D.A. Randell. Qualitative and Topological Relationships. 3rd Int. Symp. on Advances in Spatial Databases, LNCS 692, pp. 296-315, 1993.

CH01 A. G. Cohn and S. M. Hazarika. Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning: An Overview. Fundamenta Informaticae, IOS Press, 13:2-32, 2001.

Coh97a A. G. Cohn et al.. Representing and Reasoning with Qualitative Spatial Relations about Regions. Spatial and Temporal Reasoning, pp. 97-134. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1997.

Coh97b A. G. Cohn. Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning Techniques. Advances in Artificial Intelligence, LNCS 1303, pp. 1-30, 1997.

Coh99 A. G. Cohn. Qualitative Spatial Representations. Proceedings of the IJCAI99 Workshop on Adaptive Spatial Representations of Dynamic Environments, , 1999.

[ECD94] M. J. Egenhofer, E. Clementini and P. Di Felice. Topological Relations between Regions with Holes. Int. Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 8(2):129-144, 1994.

ECD94 M. J. Egenhofer, E. Clementini and P. Di Felice. Topological Relations between Regions with Holes. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 8(2):129-144, 1994.

EF91 M. J. Egenhofer and R. D. Franzosa. Point-Set Topological Spatial Relations. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 5(2):161-174, 1991.

[EF91] M. J. Egenhofer and R. D. Franzosa. Point-Set Topological Spatial Relations. Int. Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 5(2):161-174, 1991.

EF94 M. J. Egenhofer and R. D. Franzosa. On the Equivalence of Topological Relations. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 9(2):133-152, 1994.

[EF94] M. J. Egenhofer and R. D. Franzosa. On the Equivalence of Topological Relations. Int. Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 9(2):133-152, 1994.

EFJ89 M. J. Egenhofer, A. U. Frank and J. P. Jackson. A Topological Data Model for Spatial Databases. 1st Int. Symp. on the Design and Implementation of Large Spatial Databases, LNCS 409, pp.271-286, 1989.

[EFJ89] M. J. Egenhofer, A. U. Frank and J. P. Jackson. A Topological Data Model for Spatial Databases. 1st Int. Symp. on the Design and Implementation of Large Spatial Databases, LNCS 409, pp.271-286. Springer-Verlag, 1989.

Ege89 M. J. Egenhofer. A Formal Definition of Binary Topological Relationships. 3rd Int.Conference on Foundations of Data Organization and Algorithms, LNCS 367, pp. 457-472, 1989.

[Ege89] M. J. Egenhofer. A Formal Definition of Binary Topological Relationships. 3rd Int.Conf. on Foundations of Data Organization and Algorithms, LNCS 367, pp. 457-472, 1989.

EM95 M. J. Egenhofer and D. M. Mark. Modeling Conceptual Neighborhoods of Topological Line_Region Relations. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 9(5):555-565, 1995.

[EM95] M. J. Egenhofer and D. M. Mark. Modeling Conceptual Neighborhoods of Topological Line-Region Relations. Int. Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 9(5):555-565, 1995.

[ES94] M. Egenhofer and J. Sharma Assessing the Consistency of Complete and Incomplete Topological Information. Geographical Systems ,1 (1): 47-68 ,1993.

ES98 M. J. Egenhofer and A. Rashid B.M. Shariff. Metric Details for Natural-Language Spatial Relations. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 16(4):295-321, 1998.

[ES98] M. J. Egenhofer and A. Rashid B.M. Shariff. Metric Details for Natural-Language Spatial Relations. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 16(4):295-321, 1998.

[EFJ89] M. J. Egenhofer, A. U. Frank and J. P. Jackson. A Topological Data Model for Spatial Databases. 1st Int. Symp. on the Design and Implementation of Large Spatial Databases, LNCS 409, pp.271-286. Springer-Verlag, 1989.

Her93 D. Hernandez. Mantaining Qualitative Spatial Knowledge. European Conference on Spatial Information Theory(COSIT), pp. 36-53, 1993.

HM97 V. Haarslev and Ralf Moller. Sbox: A Qualitative Spatial Reasoner - Progress Report -. 11th IEEE Symp. On Qualitative Reasoning, , 1997.

LWF01 D. Lang, S. Winter and A. U. Frank. Neighborhood Relations between Fields with Applications to Cellular Networks. GeoInformatica, 5(2):127-144, 2001.

PS94 D. Papadias and T. Sellis. On the Qualitative Representation of Spatial Knowledge in 2D Space. VLDB Journal, 3(4):479-516, 1994.

PT97 D. Papadias and Y. Theodoridis. Spatial Relations, Minimum Bounding Rectangles, and Spatial Data Structures. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 11(2):111-138, 1997.

Sch01a M. Schneider. A Design of Topological Predicates for Complex Crisp and Fuzzy Regions. Int. Conf. on Conceptual Modeling, LNCS 2224, pp.103-??, 2001.

Sch02 M. Schneider. Implementing Topological Predicates for Complex Regions. 10th Int. Symp. in Spatial Data Handling, pp. 313-328, 2002.

SEM98 A. Rashid B.M. Shariff, M. J. Egenhofer and D. M. Mark. Natural-Language Spatial Relations Between Linear and Areal Objects: The Topology and Metric of English-Language Terms. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 12(3): 215-245, 1998.

Ste02 J. G. Stell. Part and Complement: Fundamental Concepts in Spatial Relations. 7th International Symposium on AI and Mathematics, , 2002.

Win00 S. Winter. Topological operations transparent for users. 3rd AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science, pp. 35-39, 2000.

Win98 S. Winter. Location-Based Similarity Measures of Regions. ISPRS Commission IV Symposium "GIS Between Visions and Applications", pp. 669-676, 1998.

Directional Relationships

CDH97 E. Clementini, P. Di Felice, and D. Hernandez. Qualitative representation of positional information. Artificial Intelligence, 95(2):317-356, 1997.

CH01 A. G. Cohn and S. M. Hazarika. Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning: An Overview. Fundamenta Informaticae, IOS Press, 13:2-32, 2001.

Fra96 A. U. Frank. Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: Cardinal Directions as an Example. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 10(3):269-290, 1996.

Goy00 R. K. Goyal. Similarity Assessment for Cardinal Directions Between Extended Spatial Objects. PhD. Thesis, University of Maine, 2000.

HEF95 J.H. Hong, M. J. Egenhofer and A. U. Frank. On the Robustness of Qualitative Distance- and Direction-Reasoning. Twelfth International Symposium on Computer- Assisted Cartography, Autocarto 12, pp.301-310, 1995.

IHM01 A. Isli, V. Haarslev and R. Moller. Combining Cardinal Direction Relations and Relative Orientation in Qualitative Spatial Reasoning. Technical Report FBI-HH-M-304/01, Fachbereich Informatik, Universit�t Hamburg, 2001.

PE97 D. Papadias and M. J. Egenhofer. Algorithms for Hierarchical Spatial Reasoning. GeoInformatica, 1(3):251-273, 1997.

PES96 D. Papadias, M. J. Egenhofer and J. Sharma. Hierarchical Reasoning about Direction Relations. Fourth ACM Workshop on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, pp. 105-112, 1996.

PS94 D. Papadias and T. Sellis. On the Qualitative Representation of Spatial Knowledge in 2D Space. VLDB Journal, 3(4):479-516, 1994.

PT97 D. Papadias and Y. Theodoridis. Spatial Relations, Minimum Bounding Rectangles, and Spatial Data Structures. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 11(2):111-138, 1997.

SL98 S. Shekhar and X. Liu. Direction as a Spatial Object: A Summary of Results. 6th ACM Symp. on Geographic Information Systems, pp. 69-75, 1998.

The98 Y. Theodoridis et al.. Direction Relations and Two-Dimensional Range Queries: Optimization Techniques. Data and Knowledge Engineering, 27(3):313-336, 1998.

TPS96 Y. Theodoridis, D. Papadias and E. Stefanakis. Supporting Direction Relations in Spatial Database Systems. 7th International Symp. on Spatial Data Handling, 30(10):1249-1257, 1996.

ZF96 K. Zimmermann and C. Freksa. Qualitative Spatial Reasoning Using Orientation, Distance, and Path Knowledge. Applied Intelligence, 6(1):49-58, 1996.

Distance Relationships

CDH97 E. Clementini, P. Di Felice, and D. Hernandez. Qualitative representation of positional information. Artificial Intelligence, 95(2):317-356, 1997.

CH01 A. G. Cohn and S. M. Hazarika. Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning: An Overview. Fundamenta Informaticae, IOS Press, 13:2-32, 2001.

HCD95 D. Hernandez, E. Clementini and P. Di Felice. Qualitative Distances. Spatial Information Theory: a theoretical basis for GIS, LNCS 988, pp.45-58. Springer-Verlag, 1995.

HEF95 J.H. Hong, M. J. Egenhofer and A. U. Frank. On the Robustness of Qualitative Distance- and Direction-Reasoning. Twelfth International Symposium on Computer- Assisted Cartography, Autocarto 12, pp.301-310, 1995.

IHM01 A. Isli, V. Haarslev and R. Moller. Combining Cardinal Direction Relations and Relative Orientation in Qualitative Spatial Reasoning. Technical Report FBI-HH-M-304/01, Fachbereich Informatik, Universit�t Hamburg, 2001.

KWZ01 O. Kutz, F. Wolter and M. Zakharyaschev. A Note on Concepts and Distances. Manuscript, , 2001.

ZF96 K. Zimmermann and C. Freksa. Qualitative Spatial Reasoning Using Orientation, Distance, and Path Knowledge. Applied Intelligence, 6(1):49-58, 1996.

Three-dimensional Spatial Data Types and Operations

Three-dimensional Topological Relationships

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Last Update: 12/08/2002

[AS91]	W.G. Aref, H. Samet : Extending a DBMS with Spatial Operations : Advances in Spatial Databases, 2nd Symposium on Spatial Data Handling 1990: 299-318
[Bu79]	W. Burton : Logical and Physical Data Types in Geographic Information Systems : Geo-Processing (1): 167-181(1979)
[CAR80]	R.J. Cox, B.K. Aldred : A Relational Data Base System and a Proposal for a Geographical Data Type : Geo-Processing(1): 217-229, 1980
[CG82]	R.W. Claire, S.C. Guptill : Spatial Operators for Selected Data Structures : Proc of AutoCarto 5 : 189-200(1982)
[CZ94]	E.P.F Chan, R. Zhu : QL/G - A Query Language for Geometric Databases : Technical Report CS-94-25, Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Canada, 1994
[ELNR87a]	H. D. Enrich, F. Lohmann, K. Neumann, I. Ramm : A classification of Software Components Commonly Used in Geographic Information Systems : Introductory Readings in Geographic Information Systems : 30-51, 1987
[ELNR87b]	H. D. Enrich, F. Lohmann, K. Neumann, I. Ramm : A database language for Scientific Data : . Geologisches Jahrbuch, Sonderband : 1987
[ES97a]	Martin Erwig and Markus Schneider : Partition and Conquer COSIT ,389-407 ,1997
[ES97b]	Martin Erwig and Markus Schneider : Formalization of Advanced Map Operations : SDH Conference Proceedings ,389-407 ,2000
[Fr75]	J. Freeman : The modeling of Spatial Relations : Computer Graphics and Image Processing(4) 156-171(1975)
[Fr87]	A. Frank : Overlay Processing in Spatial Information Systems : Proc. of the 8th Int. Symp. on Computer-Assisted Cartography, Autocarto(8): 16-31(1987)
[GNT91]	M. Gargano ,Enrico Nardelli, Maurizio Talamo : Abstract data types for the logical modeling of complex data : IS 16 (6): 565-583 (1991)
[GS95]	R.H. G�ting, M. Schneider : Realm-Based Spatial Data Types: The ROSE Algebra. . VLDB Journal 4(2) 243-286 (1995)
[Gu88a]	R.H. Guting : Geo-Relational Algebra: A Model and Query Language for Geometric Database Systems : EDBT 1988 506-527
[Gu91]	R.H. Guting : Extending a Spatial Database System by Graphs and object class Hierarchies : Proc. of the Int. Workshop on Database Management Systems for Geographical Applications 1991 103-124
[HS93]	Z. Huang, P. Svenson, H.Hauska : Solving Spatial Analysis Problems with GeoSAL, A Spatial Query Language . SSDBM 1992 1-17
[HSH92]	Z. Huang, P. Svenson, H.Hauska : Solving Spatial Analysis Problems with GeoSAL, a Spatial Database Language . 3rd Int. Symp. On Advances in Spatial Databases 1993: 413-436
[Hu93]	Z. Huang : Design of GeoSal, a database Language for Spatial Data Analysis . PhD Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Environmental and Natural Resources Information Systems, Stockholm, Sweden 1993
[IP87]	K.J. Ingram, W.W. Phillips : Geographic Information Processing Using a SQL-Based Query Language . IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 14 326-335(1987)
[KA90]	W. Kainz : Spatial Relationships-Topology Versus Order . SSDH 1989: 814-819
[KVW89]	G. H. Kirby, M. Visvaligam, P. Wade Recognition and Representation of Hierarchy of Polygons with Holes . The Computer Journal 32 (6) 554-562 (1989)
[ME94]	David M. Mark and Max J. Egenhofer Modeling Spatial Relations Between Lines and Regions: Combining Formal Mathematical Models and Human Subjects Testing . Cartography and Geographical Information Systems ,21 (3):195-212 ,1994.
[MF89]	D.M. Mark, A.U. Frank : Concepts of Space and Spatial Languages : Int. Symposium on computer-Assisted Cartography 1989 377-401
[MN89]	K. Mehlhorn S. N�her LEDA: A Library of Efficient Data Types and Algorithms . MFCS 1989 88-106
[MO86]	F. Manola, J.A. Orenstein Toward a General Spatial Data Model for an Object-Oriented DBMS . VLDB 1986 . 328-335
[OM88]	J.A. Orenstein, Frank Manola PROBE Spatial Data Modeling and Query Processing in an Image Database Application : TSE 14 (5) 611-629 (1988)
[OR90]	J. A. Orenstein : An Object-Oriented Approach to Spatial Data Processing : SDH 1990: 669-678
[OGS01]	J.H. Herring OpenGIS Abstract Specification Version 4: 2001.
[RFS88]	N. Roussopoulos , C. Faloutsos ,T. K. Sellis An Efficient Pictorial Database System for PSQL . TSE 14 (5) ,639-650 ,1988
[SB01]	Thomas Behr, Markus Schneider Topological Relationships of Complex Points and Complex Regions . Lecture Notes in Computer Science ,56-69 ,2001.
[SC95]	M. Schneider Modeling Spatial Objects with Undetermined Boundaries using the Realm/ROSE approach : Natural Objects with Indeterminate Boundaries, GISDATA (3): 1995 .
[SCH95]	M. Schneider Spatial Data Types for Database Systems: PhD Dissertation, Hagen. 1995.
[SV89]	Michel Scholl, Agn�s Voisard Thematic Map Modeling . Int. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Large Spatial Databases (SSD), 167-190 , 1989.
[SV94]	M. Scholl , A. Voisard Object-Oriented Database Systems for Geographic Applications . Proc. Int. Workshop on Database Management Systems for Geographical Application 1994 : 239-273.
[WB93]	M. F. Worboys, P. Bofakos A Canonical Model for a Class of Arial Spatial Objects . SSD 1993 , 36-52.

Ben96	B. Bennett. Modal Logics for Qualitative Spatial Reasoning. Journal of the Interest Group in Pure and Applied Logic (IGPL), 4(1), 1996.
BS01	T. Behr and M. Schneider. Topological Relationships of Complex Points and Complex Regions. Int. Conf. on Conceptual Modeling, pp. 56-69, 2001.
BS02	T. Bittner and J.G. Stell. Approximate Qualitative Spatial Reasoning. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 2:435-466, 2002.
CCR93	Z. Cui, A.G. Cohn and D.A. Randell. Qualitative and Topological Relationships. 3rd Int. Symp. on Advances in Spatial Databases, LNCS 692, pp. 296-315, 1993.
CH01	A. G. Cohn and S. M. Hazarika. Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning: An Overview. Fundamenta Informaticae, IOS Press, 13:2-32, 2001.
Coh97a	A. G. Cohn et al.. Representing and Reasoning with Qualitative Spatial Relations about Regions. Spatial and Temporal Reasoning, pp. 97-134. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1997.
Coh97b	A. G. Cohn. Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning Techniques. Advances in Artificial Intelligence, LNCS 1303, pp. 1-30, 1997.
Coh99	A. G. Cohn. Qualitative Spatial Representations. Proceedings of the IJCAI99 Workshop on Adaptive Spatial Representations of Dynamic Environments, , 1999.
[ECD94]	M. J. Egenhofer, E. Clementini and P. Di Felice. Topological Relations between Regions with Holes. Int. Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 8(2):129-144, 1994.
ECD94	M. J. Egenhofer, E. Clementini and P. Di Felice. Topological Relations between Regions with Holes. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 8(2):129-144, 1994.
EF91	M. J. Egenhofer and R. D. Franzosa. Point-Set Topological Spatial Relations. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 5(2):161-174, 1991.
[EF91]	M. J. Egenhofer and R. D. Franzosa. Point-Set Topological Spatial Relations. Int. Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 5(2):161-174, 1991.
EF94	M. J. Egenhofer and R. D. Franzosa. On the Equivalence of Topological Relations. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 9(2):133-152, 1994.
[EF94]	M. J. Egenhofer and R. D. Franzosa. On the Equivalence of Topological Relations. Int. Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 9(2):133-152, 1994.
EFJ89	M. J. Egenhofer, A. U. Frank and J. P. Jackson. A Topological Data Model for Spatial Databases. 1st Int. Symp. on the Design and Implementation of Large Spatial Databases, LNCS 409, pp.271-286, 1989.
[EFJ89]	M. J. Egenhofer, A. U. Frank and J. P. Jackson. A Topological Data Model for Spatial Databases. 1st Int. Symp. on the Design and Implementation of Large Spatial Databases, LNCS 409, pp.271-286. Springer-Verlag, 1989.
Ege89	M. J. Egenhofer. A Formal Definition of Binary Topological Relationships. 3rd Int.Conference on Foundations of Data Organization and Algorithms, LNCS 367, pp. 457-472, 1989.
[Ege89]	M. J. Egenhofer. A Formal Definition of Binary Topological Relationships. 3rd Int.Conf. on Foundations of Data Organization and Algorithms, LNCS 367, pp. 457-472, 1989.
EM95	M. J. Egenhofer and D. M. Mark. Modeling Conceptual Neighborhoods of Topological Line_Region Relations. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 9(5):555-565, 1995.
[EM95]	M. J. Egenhofer and D. M. Mark. Modeling Conceptual Neighborhoods of Topological Line-Region Relations. Int. Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 9(5):555-565, 1995.
[ES94]	M. Egenhofer and J. Sharma Assessing the Consistency of Complete and Incomplete Topological Information. Geographical Systems ,1 (1): 47-68 ,1993.
ES98	M. J. Egenhofer and A. Rashid B.M. Shariff. Metric Details for Natural-Language Spatial Relations. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 16(4):295-321, 1998.
[ES98]	M. J. Egenhofer and A. Rashid B.M. Shariff. Metric Details for Natural-Language Spatial Relations. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 16(4):295-321, 1998.
[EFJ89]	M. J. Egenhofer, A. U. Frank and J. P. Jackson. A Topological Data Model for Spatial Databases. 1st Int. Symp. on the Design and Implementation of Large Spatial Databases, LNCS 409, pp.271-286. Springer-Verlag, 1989.
Her93	D. Hernandez. Mantaining Qualitative Spatial Knowledge. European Conference on Spatial Information Theory(COSIT), pp. 36-53, 1993.
HM97	V. Haarslev and Ralf Moller. Sbox: A Qualitative Spatial Reasoner - Progress Report -. 11th IEEE Symp. On Qualitative Reasoning, , 1997.
LWF01	D. Lang, S. Winter and A. U. Frank. Neighborhood Relations between Fields with Applications to Cellular Networks. GeoInformatica, 5(2):127-144, 2001.
PS94	D. Papadias and T. Sellis. On the Qualitative Representation of Spatial Knowledge in 2D Space. VLDB Journal, 3(4):479-516, 1994.
PT97	D. Papadias and Y. Theodoridis. Spatial Relations, Minimum Bounding Rectangles, and Spatial Data Structures. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 11(2):111-138, 1997.
Sch01a	M. Schneider. A Design of Topological Predicates for Complex Crisp and Fuzzy Regions. Int. Conf. on Conceptual Modeling, LNCS 2224, pp.103-??, 2001.
Sch02	M. Schneider. Implementing Topological Predicates for Complex Regions. 10th Int. Symp. in Spatial Data Handling, pp. 313-328, 2002.
SEM98	A. Rashid B.M. Shariff, M. J. Egenhofer and D. M. Mark. Natural-Language Spatial Relations Between Linear and Areal Objects: The Topology and Metric of English-Language Terms. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 12(3): 215-245, 1998.
Ste02	J. G. Stell. Part and Complement: Fundamental Concepts in Spatial Relations. 7th International Symposium on AI and Mathematics, , 2002.
Win00	S. Winter. Topological operations transparent for users. 3rd AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science, pp. 35-39, 2000.
Win98	S. Winter. Location-Based Similarity Measures of Regions. ISPRS Commission IV Symposium "GIS Between Visions and Applications", pp. 669-676, 1998.

CDH97	E. Clementini, P. Di Felice, and D. Hernandez. Qualitative representation of positional information. Artificial Intelligence, 95(2):317-356, 1997.
CH01	A. G. Cohn and S. M. Hazarika. Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning: An Overview. Fundamenta Informaticae, IOS Press, 13:2-32, 2001.
Fra96	A. U. Frank. Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: Cardinal Directions as an Example. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 10(3):269-290, 1996.
Goy00	R. K. Goyal. Similarity Assessment for Cardinal Directions Between Extended Spatial Objects. PhD. Thesis, University of Maine, 2000.
HEF95	J.H. Hong, M. J. Egenhofer and A. U. Frank. On the Robustness of Qualitative Distance- and Direction-Reasoning. Twelfth International Symposium on Computer- Assisted Cartography, Autocarto 12, pp.301-310, 1995.
IHM01	A. Isli, V. Haarslev and R. Moller. Combining Cardinal Direction Relations and Relative Orientation in Qualitative Spatial Reasoning. Technical Report FBI-HH-M-304/01, Fachbereich Informatik, Universit�t Hamburg, 2001.
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